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毕业设计论文参考文献格式规范

资料分类:土木工程设计资料 - 毕业论文格式范文参考资料 | 发布形式:资料共享 | 更新时间:2022-05-28 显示全部楼层

  参考文献
  (1)文中引用参考文献的标识方法
  引用参考文献标识应置于所引内容最末句的右上角,用小五号宋体。所引用文献编号用阿拉伯数字置于方括号“[]”中,如“三次采油[2]”。当提及的参考文献为文中直接说明时,其序号应该与正文排齐,如“由文献[1,4~7]可知”。
  经济、管理类论文引用文献,若引用的是原话,要加引号,一般写在段中;若引的不是原文只是原意,文前只需用冒号或逗号,而不用引号。在参考文献之外,若有注释的话,建议采用夹注,即紧接文句,用圆括号表明。不得将引用文献标识置于各级标题处。
  外语专业的引语:其准确性极其重要,必须准确无误地复制原始出处。在介绍或在句子中插入引语时,必须要做到整个句子连同准确无误的引语都意思清晰,语法正确。引语的出处用圆括号标在引语的末尾处,格式为(著者姓名+逗号+出版年份+冒号+页码)如:(Baym,1778:2),(贾玉新,1997:180-184)
  具体要求:
  ①引用的句子不超过四行,可直接在句子中用引号表示引语部分。如:
  The first sign of the heroin Humbert sees when he enters the Haze house is“the brown core of an apple”(Nabokov,1987:39).Right after the description,following Charlotte downstairs into the dining room,Humbert mentions again:“We cursorily inspected a mahogany table with a fruit vase in the middle,containing nothing but the still glistening stone of one plum”(Nabokov,1987:219).
  ②如果引文超过四行,引用的格式为:另起一行,从左边起缩10个格,引文不需要加引号,一般用冒号引导一个引文。引用是一段或一段中的一部分,其第一行和引文中的其他行需对齐。如:
  The following part depicts that she is playing opposite Humgert and Humbert is winning:
  There was nothing wrong or deceitful in the spirit of her game--unless one considered her cheerful indifference towards its outcome as the feint of a nymphet.She who was so cruel and crafty in everyday life,revealed on innocence,a frankness,a kindness of ball-placing,that permitted a second-rate but determined player,no matter how uncouth and incompetent,to poke and cut his way to victory[...]any abrupt attack,or sudden change of tactics on her adversary’s part,left her helpless[...]Her dramatic drives and lovely volleys would candidly fall at his feet.Over and over again she would land an easy one into the net--and merrily mimic dismay by drooping in a ballet attitude,with her forelocks hanging.(Nabokov,1987:247)
  ③如果引文为两个以上的段落,每一段的第一行从左边起要缩格3格。引述的第一句在原始出处不是段落的首句,即不需要缩格,只是后面段落的首句才多缩格。如:
  In order to relieve himself of tension,he makes up the love story between him and Charlotte.He lies to the others he had an affair with Charlotte thirteen years ago,and deceives people into believing Lolita is virtually his own daughter:
  It was also noted that Charlotte and I had known each other for several years and that I was a distant relation of her first husband.I hinted I had had an affair with her thirteen years ago but this was not mentioned in print.To Charlotte I said that society columns should contain a shimmer of errors.(Nabokov,1987:79)
  From a boulder she smiled through blown hair.It had been taken in April 1934,a memorable spring.While on a business visit to the States,I had had occasion to spend several months in Pisky.We met--and had a mad love affair.I was married,alas,and she was engaged to Haze,but after I returned to Europe,we corresponded through a friend,now dead.(Nabokov,1987:105)
  Yes,I would devote all my life to the child’s welfare.Here,incidentally,was a little cross that Charlotte Becker had given me when we were both young.‘John,’cried Jean,‘she is his child,not Harold Haze’s.Don’t you understand?Humbert is Dolly’s real father.(Nabokov,1987:107)
  ④引语中如果有需要省略的部分,可用[...]来表示。格式为空格+[...]+空格。参见(2)中的例子。
  (2)文后参考文献的著录方式
  西文文献中第一个词和每个实词的第一个字母大写,余者小写;俄文文献名第一个词和专有名词的第一个字母大写,余者小写;日文文献中的汉字须用日文汉字,不得用中文汉字、简化汉字代替。文献中的外文字母一律用正体。
  作者为多人时,一般只列出3名作者(3位作者以上的应列出3位作者后再加“等”),不同作者姓名间用逗号相隔,最后一位作者或“等”后加“.”。外文姓名按国际惯例,将作者名的缩写置前,作者姓置后,外文文献的“等”用“et al”(斜体)书写。
  学术会议若出版论文集者,可在会议名称后加上“论文集”字样。未出版论文集者省去“出版者”、“出版年”两项。会议地址与出版地相同者省略“出版地”。会议年份与出版年相同者省略“出版年”。
  学术刊物文献无卷号的可略去此项,直接写“年,(期)”。
  参考文献序号顶格书写并加“[]”,不加标点,其后空一格写作者名。序号应按文献在论文中的被引用顺序编排。换行时与作者名第一个字对齐。若同一文献中有多处被引用,则要写出相应引用页码,各起止页码间空一格,排列按引用顺序,不按页码顺序。
  参考文献书写可参考附录5格式,应符合GB7714-1987《文后参考文献著录规则》。常用参考文献编写项目和顺序规定如下:
  著作图书文献
  序号└┘作者.书名[文献类型标识].版次.出版者,出版年:引用部分起止页.
  第一版应省略
  翻译图书文献
  序号└┘作者.书名[文献类型标识].译者.版次.出版者,出版年:引用部分起止页.
  第一版应省略
  学术刊物文献
  序号└┘作者.文章名[文献类型标识].学术刊物名.年,卷(期):引用部分起止页.
  学术会议文献
  序号└┘作者.文章名[文献类型标识].编者名.会议名称,会议地址,年份.出版地,
  出版者,出版年:引用部分起止页.
  学位论文类参考文献
  序号└┘研究生名.学位论文题目[文献类型标识].学校及学位论文级别.答辩年份:引用部分起止页.
  电子文献
  序号└┘主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选)
  (3)文献类型标识
  根据GB3469规定,纸质文献类型标识以单字母方式表示如表2。
  表2纸质参考文献类型标识符号
  参考文献类型专著论文集报纸文章期刊文章学位论文报告标准专利
  文献类型标识M C N J D R S P
  电子文献的载体类型及其标识
  [DB/OL]——联机网上数据库(database online)
  [DB/MT]——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape)
  [M/CD]——光盘图书(monograph on CD-ROM)
  [CP/DK]——磁盘软件(computer program on disk)
  [J/OL]——网上期刊(serial online)
  [EB/OL]——网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online)

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