外文文献：
Changing roles of the clients,architects and contractors through BIM
Rizal Sebastian
TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, Delft, The Netherlands
Abstract
Purpose – This paper aims to present a general review of the practical implications of building information modelling (BIM) based on literature and case studies. It seeks to address the necessity for applying BIM and re-organising the processes and roles in hospital building projects. This type of project is complex due to complicated functional and technical requirements, decision making involving a large number of stakeholders, and long-term development processes.
Design/methodology/approach – Through desk research and referring to the ongoing European research project InPro, the framework for integrated collaboration and the use of BIM are analysed. Through several real cases, the changing roles of clients, architects, and contractors through BIM application are investigated.
Findings – One of the main findings is the identification of the main factors for a successful collaboration using BIM, which can be recognised as “POWER”: product information sharing (P),organisational roles synergy (O), work processes coordination (W), environment for teamwork (E), and reference data consolidation (R). Furthermore, it is also found that the implementation of BIM in hospital building projects is still limited due to certain commercial and legal barriers, as well as the fact that integrated collaboration has not yet been embedded in the real estate strategies of healthcare institutions.
Originality/value – This paper contributes to the actual discussion in science and practice on the changing roles and processes that are required to develop and operate sustainable buildings with the support of integrated ICT frameworks and tools. It presents the state-of-the-art of European research projects and some of the first real cases of BIM application in hospital building projects.
Keywords Europe, Hospitals, The Netherlands, Construction works, Response flexibility, Project planning
中文译文：
通过BIM改变业主、设计师、承包商的角色
Rizal Sebastian，荷兰建筑环境与地球科学研究院，代尔夫特省，荷兰
摘要
目的——本文旨在介绍一种具有实际意义的基于文献和案例研究的建筑信息模型(BIM)。它试图解决BIM和重组的过程和角色在医院建设项目中应用的必要性。这种类型的项目很复杂是由于复杂的功能与技术要求,做出决定涉及大量的涉众,和长期的开发过程。
设计/方法/途径——通过文献研究和参考欧洲正在进行的研究项目InPro,框架集成协作和使用BIM进行了分析。
调查结果——其中一个主要发现是识别为一个成功写作使用BIM的主要因素，这可以被视为“POWER”:产品信息共享(P),组织角色协同(O),工作流程协调(W)、环境对于团队(E),然后参考数据整合(R)。
独创性/价值——本文有助于在改变所需角色和过程开发与经营可持续建筑环境支持集成的ICT的框架和工具的科学和实践。介绍了先进的欧洲研究项目和一些真实的应用于医院建设项目BIM的真实案例。
关键字：欧洲、医院、荷兰、工程施工、响应的灵活性，项目计划
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