GRAVITY RETAINING¬−¬WALL
1. INTRODUCTION
Retaining walls are structures used to provide stability for earth or other material where conditions disallow the mass to assume its natural slope, and are commonly used to hold back or support soilbanks,coal or ore piles, and water.
Retaining walls are classified, based on the method of achieving stability, into six principal types (Fig.1). The gravity-wall depends upon its weight, as the name implies, for stability. The cantilever wall is a reinforced-concrete wall that utilizes cantilever action to retain the mass behind the wall from assuming a natural slope. Stability of this wall is partially achieved from the weight of soil on the heel portion of the base slab. A counterfort retaining wall is similar to a cantilever retaining wall, except that it is used where the cantilever is long or for very high pressures behind wall and has counterforts, which tie the wall and base together, built at intervals along the wall to reduce the bending moments and sheers. As indicated in Fig.1c, the counterfort is behind the wall and subjected to tensile forces. A buttressed retaining wall is similar to a counterfort wall, except that the bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension. Two other types of walls not considered further are crib walls, which are built-up members of pieces of precast concrete, metal, or timber and are supported by anchor pieces embedded in the soil for stability, and semigravity walls, which are walls intermediate between a true gravity and a cantilever wall.
重力式挡土墙
1.前言
挡土墙是一种为那些环境不允许土体出现自然滑坡的土体或其他材料提供
稳定性的结构，常用来支承土体、煤或矿石堆等，以及用来截水。
根据获得稳定性的方法，挡土墙主要可以分为以下几类（见图1）。
重力式挡墙，就像它的名字，是依靠自身重力来保持稳定的；
悬臂式挡墙，是一种钢筋混凝土墙体，它是用悬臂的形式来阻止墙后土体出现滑坡。这种挡墙的稳定性部分依靠承台底部土的重量来提供；
扶臂式挡墙，类似于悬臂式挡墙，只是被用在悬臂式挡墙比较长或墙后压力太大的地方，而且因为有沿墙间隔设置的扶臂，可以把墙和基础联系在一起，来减少弯矩和剪力。如图1（c），设置在墙后的扶臂承受着拉力；
下载完整外文译文，纯word格式 |
