利用新型纳米纤维膜处理重金属污染的的地下水

资料简介：

　　Heavy metal-contaminated groundwater treatment by a novel nanofiber membrane　　Abstract
　　The morphology, interspace and surface properties of a novel nanofiber membrane are characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， pore percent and contact angle. The membrane, named M-1, is prepared from chloridized polyvinyl chloride by high-voltage electrospinning process. The removals of divalent metal cations including Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ from the simulated groundwater by M-1 have been investigated. To obtain the best heavy metal removal, several experimental methods using M-1 have been presented, including static adsorption, direct filtration, soil-addition filtration, diatomite-addition filtration and micellar enhanced filtration （MEF）。 Specially, MEF experiments are performed as a function of SDBS concentration and applied membrane layers. From static adsorption experiments, maximum uptakes of Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and their adsorption equilibrium time have been obtained respectively in the simulated groundwater. Dynamic filtration experiments indicate that the best experimental method for M-1 to remove heavy metal cations is MEF whose optimal experimental conditions are 10-layer filtration and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） concentration of 5 mmol/L. The experimental results show that the rejections of copper in the simulated groundwater by MEF using M-1 can reach more than 73%; the rejections of lead more than 82%; and the rejections of cadmium more than 91%. It is indicated that MEF method using M-1 can be used for the treatment of the groundwater containing Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ with high efficiency.
　　Keywords: Nanofiber membrane; Heavy metal removal; Groundwater; Adsorption; Micellar-enhanced filtration

　　利用新型纳米纤维膜处理重金属污染的的地下水
　　摘要：利用扫描电镜可以观察到这种新型纳米纤维膜的内部空间以及表面的孔隙率和交会角的特性。该膜，被命名为M-1，通过高压电纺丝氯化聚氯乙烯的方式获得。已经利用M-1对从模拟地下水中去除二价金属离子包括二价铜、二价铅、二价镉进行了研究。为了更好的去除重金属，一些利用M-1的实验性方案已经被提出，包括静态吸附，直接过滤，外加土壤的过滤，外加硅藻土的过滤以及胶束强化过滤（MEF）。特别地，MEF实验被认为是十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）浓度和应用膜层的作用。利用模拟地下水中，通过静态吸附实验，已经分别得到二价铜、二价镉、二价铅的最大吸收量及其吸附平衡时间。动态过滤实验表明M-1去除重金属离子的最好的实验性方案是MEF，而该方案的最佳实验条件是10层过滤和浓度为5mmol/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）。实验结果表明，在模拟地下水的实验中，利用M-1的MEF方案，铜的去除率超过73%，铅的超过82%，而镉的超过91%。MEF方案表明，该方案可以高效地去除被二价铜、二价铅以及二价镉所污染的地下水。
　　关键词：纳米纤维膜；重金属的去除；地下水；吸附；胶束强化过滤