某框架结构高校办公楼设计
摘 要
随着建筑业的发展，目前多层和高层建筑逐渐增多，钢筋混凝土框架结构是其主要形式，虽说它的钢筋及水泥用量都比较大，造价也比混合结构高，但它具有梁柱承重，墙体只起分隔和围护的作用，房间布置比较灵活，门窗开置的大小、形状都较为自由的特点。因此，框架结构房屋越来越多的受到人们的青睐。办公楼是在特定的历史、社会、经济和文化背景下形成和发展起来的，其建筑布局、空间形态、环境气氛都在不断的变化。
通过查阅相关资料，并将资料进行总结和研究，发现混凝土框架结构有以下特点：框架结构是由梁和柱组成承重体系的结构。主梁、柱和基础构成平面框架，各平面框架再由联系梁连接起来而形成框架体系。框架结构的最大特点是承重构件与围护构件有明确分工，建筑的内外墙处理十分灵活，应用范围很广。根据框架布置方向的不同，框架体系可分为横向布置、纵向布置及纵横双向布置三种。纵横双向布置是建筑的纵横向都布置承重框架，建筑的整体刚度好，是地震设防区采用的主要方案之一。
本设计主要的步骤包括：建筑方案设定阶段、建筑结构设计计算阶段、建筑施工图绘制阶段、结构施工图绘制阶段、设计内容整理阶段。
建筑施工图阶段：此阶段主要将方案中的平、立、剖面图加以细化，并增加在前三者中无法表示清楚的详图。对窗、门、电梯、楼梯等按规范要求设置。
结构施工图阶段：此阶段分为两部分：一、根据建筑图、结构选型、结构布置、构件截面尺寸的确定、结构计算、构件根据计算产生的内力、得出构件的配筋、再考虑构造要求、绘制施工图等；二、基础设计：要保证图纸完整表达。采用电算来提供基础设计所需的基本数据。在此情况下，根据内力值选择基础型式。通过JCCAF进行计算，绘制的基础图包括基础平面图和基础详图。
关键词：办公楼；框架结构；施工图
Fesign of a university office
Abstract
With the Fevelopment of construction inFustry, the multi-storey anF high-rise builFings, reinforceF concrete frame structure is the main form, although it's steel anF cement FosaFH is bigFHr, the cost is higher than mixeF structure, but it has beams bearing, function space anF retaining wall only, the room layout is more flexible, open Foors anF WinFows set the size, shape, anF the characteristics of a more liberal. Frame structure builFing, therHIore, more anF more FHt the favor of people. Office builFing is in the specific historical, social, economic anF culture unFer the backgrounF of the formation anF Fevelopment, the builFing layout, space form, environment atmosphere are constantly changing.
Through access to relevant Fata, anF Fata summary anF research, founF that the concrete frame structure has the following characteristics: frame structure is composeF of beam anF column structure of bearing system. Beams, columns anF base plane frame, the plane frame again by contact beam connecteF to form a framework. The bigFHst characteristic of frame structure is a bearing component anF retaining structures have a clear Fivision of labor, builFing the external walls of processing is very flexible, application ranFH is very wiFe. AccorFing to Fifferent framework arranFHment Firection, the framework can be FiviFeF into horizontal layout, vertical arranFHment anF three vertical anF horizontal two-way arranFHment. The siFes of the longituFinal anF vertical anF horizontal two-way layout is the architecture of bearing frame, builFing the overall gooF stiffness, is one of the main scheme useF in seismic zone.
This Fesign mainly steps incluFe: construction scheme set staFH, staFH of builFing structure Fesign anF calculation, the structure of the construction staFH of construction Frawings, construction Frawings, Fesign content arranFHment.
BuilFing construction Frawing staFH: at this staFH the main scheme of flat, Fetail, section, anF increase in the first of the three can't saiF clear Fetail. For WinFows, Foors, elevators, stair is set accorFing to the requirements of specification.
Structure construction Frawing staFH: at this staFH can be FiviFeF into two parts: one, accorFing to construction Frawing, structure selection, structure arranFHment, the Fetermination of component section size, structure calculation, component accorFing to the calculation of internal force, it is concluFeF that reinforcement, bHIore consiFering structural requirements, Frawing construction Frawing, etc.;SeconF, the basic Fesign: to ensure that the Frawing complete expression. Only use electric computation to proviFe basic Fata for the founFation Fesign. In this case, accorFing to internal force value choice baseF moFel. CalculateF by JCCAF, map the basis of Fetail incluFing founFation plan anF founFation.
KeyworFs: Office builFings; Frame structure; Construction Frawing
