施工项目成本上升的诱因
摘要：不管是私人的建设项目还是公共工程，一直以来成本都在不断的增长。交通运输建设项目，在计划到建设过程中，具有典型的较长生产前置时间。然而，这些问题往往被历史性的低估。如图所示，荷兰隧道建设成本的增长就是一次很好的回顾。在美国，大约有50%的现役的大型运输项目都超出他们的最初的预算。大量的研究和研究项目已经证实个体因素导致工程造价的增长。虽然这个因素能影响私人资助项目鉴定效果，但是对公共资助的项目尤其不利。公共基金用于一些项目的建设是有限的，而且有些基金是用于一些重要的基础设施，以备不时之需。因此，如果任何项目超过预算，其他项目被从这个计划删除或降低范围以提供必要资金来抵消成本的增长。。这样的措施会恶化的一个国家的运输基础设施，形成了一个恶性循环。这项研究是通过对个人作品集的深入了解，来分门别类的分析费用增长的因素。通过对20多个州际公路机构的验证，这18种分门别类的主要影响因素对各类建设项目的成本影响都适用。这些因素声明了有据可依成本超支问题的原因。工程师在估计未来项目的成本因素，解决这些成本增长问题；寻求减少它们的影响因素,可以提高他们的成本估算的准确性和项目预算。
Construction Project Cost Escalation Factors
Abstract:
Construction projects, private and public alike, have a long history of cost escalation. Transportation projects, which typically have long lead times between planning and construction, are historically underestimated, as shown through a review of the cost growth experienced with the Holland Tunnel. Approximately 50% of the active large transportation projects in the United States have overrun their initial budgets. A large number of studies and research projects have identified individual factors that lead to increased project cost. Although the factors identified can influence privately funded projects the effects are particularly detrimental to publicly funded projects. The public funds available for a pool of projects are limited and there is a backlog of critical infrastructure needs. Therefore, if any project exceeds its budget other projects are dropped from the program or the scope is reduced to provide the funds necessary to cover the cost growth. Such actions exacerbate the deterioration of a state’s transportation infrastructure. This study is an anthology and categorization of individual cost increase factors that were identified through an in-depth literature review. This categorization of 18 primary factors which impact the cost of all types of construction projects was verified by interviews with over 20 state highway agencies. These factors represent documented causes behind cost escalation problems. Engineers who address these escalation factors when assessing future project cost and who seek to mitigate the influence of these factors can improve the accuracy of their cost estimates and program budgets
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